MCV, which is one of the parameters measured in a group of blood tests known as complete blood count (CBC) or hemogram, indicates the size of red blood cells.
MCV, a parameter in a group of blood tests known as a complete blood count (CBC) or hemogram, shows the size of red blood cells. Abnormal MCV levels, either high or low, can be associated with various health issues in the body and may be used as a diagnostic tool for identifying these diseases or evaluating treatment effectiveness. Slight increases or decreases in MCV values in blood test results do not always indicate a serious health problem. However, since various diseases can also affect MCV levels, blood test results should always be reviewed by a healthcare professional.
MCV, or Mean Corpuscular Volume, is one of the parameters measured in blood tests conducted in healthcare facilities, and it is included in a complete blood count (CBC). The MCV value indicates the size of red blood cells. Blood contains three types of cells: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The MCV value, measured by examining a blood sample under a microscope, is used to calculate the average size of red blood cells. Also known as erythrocytes, red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood and delivering it from the lungs to the body's cells. For cells to live healthily, grow, and reproduce, they need oxygen, which is carried by erythrocytes. Abnormal sizes of erythrocytes, whether too large or too small, can result from anemia, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, or other medical issues. The MCV test can be utilized in investigating such conditions.
High or low MCV directly affects the transport of oxygen in the blood. Therefore, when the MCV value falls outside the normal range, it can lead to various symptoms proportional to the degree of elevation or reduction. Some common symptoms seen in cases of high or low MCV include:
Additionally, if anemia (a condition of low red blood cell count) develops due to reasons like vitamin B12 deficiency or folic acid deficiency, it can also affect the MCV value. In cases of MCV abnormalities stemming from B12 deficiency anemia, symptoms such as tingling in the hands and feet, nausea and vomiting, gas problems, abdominal bloating, depression, and concentration difficulties may occur. In folic acid deficiency anemia, alongside issues with the MCV value, symptoms like diarrhea, loss of appetite, irritability, and sensitivity of the tongue may emerge. Individuals experiencing such symptoms should seek medical attention and undergo blood tests, including a complete blood count.
There are many different reasons for high or low MCV levels. The normal range for MCV is between 80 and 100 fL. Among the most common causes of low MCV values are insufficient red blood cell production, which is essentially anemia. Consequently, the majority of symptoms associated with low MCV levels are similar to those of anemia. On the other hand, elevated MCV can arise due to various health issues, including:
As mentioned above, having a normal range of MCV may be due to various conditions. In the presence of a serious health issue, there are often abnormalities in other blood parameters as well. Therefore, all parameters included in the complete blood count should be evaluated together. If anemia is the cause, other values in the blood count, such as hemoglobin and hematocrit, will be sufficient for diagnosis. If anemia is not present, additional screening tests may be necessary for diagnosis. Additionally, taking a detailed medical history of the patient, assessing medications used, learning about accompanying health issues, performing a physical examination, and reviewing radiological images can help accurately diagnose MCV-related issues and plan the appropriate treatment process.
An MCV value below 80 fL indicates a microcytic disorder, while a value above 100 fL indicates a macrocytic disorder. Symptoms associated with low MCV include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, and pallor. This condition is termed microcytic anemia and is typically caused by anemia or, in some cases, by conditions like thalassemia (Mediterranean anemia) or lead poisoning. High MCV is referred to as macrocytosis, and symptoms may include loss of appetite, palpitations, easy fatigue, shortness of breath, diarrhea, concentration difficulties, and forgetfulness. Some individuals may notice low or high MCV values in their blood tests without experiencing any symptoms. Mildly elevated or mildly reduced MCV values close to the normal range may not cause any symptoms in the patient and may even be temporary. However, the underlying cause should still be investigated.
MCV values provide important information in evaluating the treatment processes of diseases such as esophageal cancer, kidney disease, and rectal cancer, as well as in investigating the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Additionally, assessing cognitive functions in cases of forgetfulness, concentration issues, and attention deficits can benefit from examining MCV values. In such situations, whether the MCV values are high or low can significantly influence the treatment plan. It is not possible to diagnose any disease solely based on abnormalities in the MCV test result. Therefore, high or low values should be evaluated by a physician, and if necessary, further diagnostic methods should be employed.
Determining the cause of high or low MCV values is the first necessary step for restoring blood values to normal. During the diagnostic phase, taking a detailed medical history of the patient is crucial. Certain diseases, long-term medications, or dietary habits may have contributed to this condition. After gathering such information, physicians may request various blood tests and radiological imaging to evaluate potential diseases. If anemia is detected, the type of anemia is identified first. Different causes such as deficiencies in vitamin B12, folic acid, or iron, as well as diseases like thalassemia, can lead to anemia. If vitamin and mineral deficiencies are involved, supplementation for the deficient vitamin or mineral is provided. These supplements can be taken in the form of oral tablets or administered via injection. In cases of severe deficiency, intramuscular injections yield faster results.
In unexplained anemias, gastrointestinal bleeding may be suspected. Conditions such as gastritis, ulcers, and intestinal diseases can lead to blood loss through the digestive system, predisposing a person to anemia. Therefore, if there is no vitamin or mineral deficiency and the person does not have a disease that could cause anemia, this possibility must also be evaluated. If bleeding is detected through a stool occult blood test, methods such as endoscopy and colonoscopy can be employed to examine the digestive system. In thalassemia, severe anemia may require blood transfusions if blood values drop below certain thresholds. Apart from this, a treatment plan related to the specific disease is established for MCV elevation or reduction due to any chronic illness.
If you find that your MCV value is outside the reference range in your blood results, you can consult your physician for information on the reasons for this condition and undergo additional diagnostic tests if necessary.
Last Updated Date: 28 January 2022
Publication Date: 21 January 2022
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