What is HCT (Hematocrit), Its Low and High Levels, and Treatment

Red blood cells in the body are produced by the bone marrow. These cells, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for distributing oxygen throughout the body. Various tests can be performed to evaluate the body's oxygen capacity, and hematocrit is one of these tests. What is hematocrit? What should its normal value be? How is the treatment for low or high hematocrit levels carried out? You can find comprehensive answers to these questions in the following text.

What is HCT (Hematocrit)?

Hematocrit refers to the proportion of the volume of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood relative to the total blood volume. The hematocrit level is usually expressed as a percentage and varies according to gender. It provides information about a person's ability to transport oxygen in the blood and can be measured through blood tests. The hematocrit level can also change based on the number, size, and shape of the red blood cells in the blood. Maintaining a normal hematocrit level is important for overall health.

What Should the HCT Level Be?

Hematocrit levels can vary depending on a person's gender and age. Normally, the hematocrit level in men ranges between 40% and 50%, while in women, it ranges from 35% to 45%. However, these values can vary in older individuals and children.

A normal hematocrit level indicates that the blood is effectively transporting oxygen. If the hematocrit level falls below the normal range, conditions like anemia or blood loss may be present. If the hematocrit level exceeds the normal range, it may signal health issues such as dehydration, heart, or lung diseases. Maintaining a hematocrit level within a specific range is crucial for body health. Therefore, it is important to measure this level regularly through blood tests, and the results should be evaluated by a doctor.

What is Low HCT (Hematocrit)?

Low hematocrit means that the proportion of red blood cells in the blood is lower than normal. As a result, the blood's capacity to carry oxygen is reduced, which can lead to oxygen deficiency in the body. There may be multiple signs of low hematocrit. Doctors perform blood tests to identify the causes of low hematocrit levels and develop an appropriate treatment plan based on the underlying cause.

What Are the Symptoms of Low HCT?
Low hematocrit levels can be dangerous for human health. There are several symptoms associated with this condition. Symptoms of low hematocrit may include:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Pale skin
• Dizziness
• Shortness of breath
• Heart palpitations
• Headaches
• Loss of appetite
• Cold hands and feet

If any of these symptoms are present, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional.

What Are the Causes of Low HCT?
Having a normal hematocrit level is essential for human health. However, there are several reasons why this value might drop. The causes of low hematocrit levels may include:

• Iron deficiency: Iron is an important component of red blood cells. Iron deficiency can prevent the body from producing sufficient red blood cells.
• Vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production. A deficiency can result in inadequate production of red blood cells.
• Blood loss: Blood loss can reduce the number of red blood cells in the body, leading to low hematocrit levels. Blood loss may occur due to injury or internal bleeding.
• Bone marrow problems: Issues with the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced, can lead to insufficient red blood cell production or improper function. This may be caused by various factors, including chemotherapy drugs used during cancer treatment.
• Chronic diseases: Certain chronic conditions, especially kidney or liver diseases or inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, can affect red blood cell production.
• Genetic factors: Rarely, hereditary conditions like thalassemia or sickle cell anemia can cause low hematocrit levels.

If left untreated, low hematocrit can lead to more serious health problems. Therefore, it is important to identify the cause of low hematocrit and receive appropriate treatment.

How is Low HCT Treated?
Treatment for low hematocrit levels depends on the underlying cause and typically begins with addressing the root problem. Treatment methods may include:

• Iron supplements: Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of low hematocrit.
• Vitamin supplements: B12 or folic acid deficiencies may also lead to low hematocrit levels.
• Consuming iron, folic acid, and B12-rich foods: Foods such as red meat, kidneys, liver, egg yolks, dried fruits, nuts, milk, and dairy products are examples of such nutrient-rich foods.

For successful treatment, it is important to follow the prescribed treatment plan and attend regular doctor check-ups. A healthy diet and lifestyle can also help prevent low hematocrit levels.

What is High HCT (Hematocrit)?

As a result of increased blood density, the hematocrit level can rise above normal levels. High hematocrit levels may occur due to an increase in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in blood volume, but there are various reasons for this condition. Doctors investigate the underlying causes of high hematocrit levels and create an appropriate treatment plan based on these findings.

What Are the Symptoms of High HCT?
Symptoms of high hematocrit are related to the reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen to tissues and organs due to increased blood density. People with elevated hematocrit levels may experience the following symptoms:

• Headache
• Skin redness
• Shortness of breath
• Spleen enlargement
• Dizziness
• Visual disturbances

What Causes High HCT?
There are several reasons why hematocrit levels may be high. This condition can negatively affect health and reduce the quality of life. Possible causes of high hematocrit include:

• Chronic lung diseases: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, or chronic bronchitis can affect oxygen exchange, leading the body to produce more red blood cells.
• Heart diseases: Heart failure or pulmonary hypertension can cause an increase in red blood cells.
• Living at high altitudes: Living at high altitudes means less oxygen intake, which causes the body to produce more red blood cells.
• Kidney diseases: Conditions like kidney failure or polycystic kidney disease can interfere with the proper release of erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone necessary for red blood cell production.

Elevated hematocrit levels indicate the body is producing more red blood cells. As a result, blood can become thicker and less fluid, increasing the risk of blood clots. If hematocrit levels are high, it is essential to consult a doctor.

How is High HCT Treated?
Treatment for high hematocrit levels varies depending on the underlying cause. If the high hematocrit is a symptom of an underlying condition, the hematocrit level may return to normal once that condition is treated. For instance, if the high hematocrit is related to bone marrow issues, targeted treatment will be needed. Additionally, individuals can help with treatment by making lifestyle changes. Therefore, those with high hematocrit levels should discuss the appropriate treatment options with their doctors.