1. Prostate Cancer:

Screening is performed on male patients over the age of 40 for prostate cancer, which has an increasing frequency, with annual digital rectal examination (DRE) and blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level measurements. Patients with suspicious examination and/or PSA values ​​are subjected to multiple prostate needle biopsy and MR Trus fusion prostate biopsy under anesthesia, guided by prostate MR images and with ultrasound guidance, in the day surgery service (SDS).

Treatment method:

• Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer as a result of pathological examination are treated with Robotic Radical Prostatectomy surgery.

• Open Surgery: Open surgery can be performed in patients who are not suitable for robotic surgery.

• Hormone therapy (HT) and Radiotherapy (RT): Hormone therapy (HT) and radiotherapy (RT) provide successful results in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer or those who are not suitable for surgery. 

• Other treatments: Surgical orchiectomy in widespread metastatic disease removal of the testicles or medical (hormonotherapy) castration and chemotherapy (KT) are applied.

2. Bladder Cancer:

The first symptom of this cancer, which is known to be closely related to smoking, is usually bleeding in the urine. Most bladder cancers are diagnosed at an early stage, but they tend to recur frequently and progress if left untreated. In patients presenting with bleeding in the urine, cystoscopy is used to examine whether there is a tumor in the bladder.

Treatment method:

• Bladder Tumor Resection (TUR-MT): If a tumor is detected, endoscopic bladder tumor resection (TUR-MT) is performed.

• Drug therapy: Chemotherapy or BCG immunotherapy can be applied to the bladder as a complementary treatment to prevent recurrence in superficial bladder tumors.

• Cystoscopy: According to the pathology result, patients with tumors limited to the surface are checked with cystoscopy every 3 months.

• Radical Cystectomy: If there is spread in the muscle layer of the bladder as a result of pathology, the patient's bladder must be completely removed, the lymph nodes in the pelvic region must be removed, and a new bladder must be created from the small intestine. This surgery, known as Radical Cystectomy, can be performed with robotic surgery or open surgery.

• Other treatments: Patients who are not suitable for surgery are treated with a combination of radiotherapy-chemotherapy (RT-CT).

3. Testicular Tumors:

Testicular tumors are of great importance because they are seen in young men of reproductive age and can be treated with a high rate of appropriate life-saving treatments.

Treatment method:

• Inguinal orchiectomy: In patients presenting with a mass in the testicle, surgery is planned immediately when there is a suspicion of a tumor and the tumorous testicle is removed without delay with inguinal orchiectomy. A whole body scan is then performed with computerized tomography (CT). Serum levels of tumor markers BHCG, AFP and LDH can be used in treatment follow-up. Since testicular tumors behave differently according to their pathological structures, follow-up and treatment approaches are determined accordingly.

• Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND): In patients with metastatic lymph node involvement around the great vessels aorta and vena cava (main artery and vein) in the retroperitoneum, these tumor tissues are completely cleaned with Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND) performed with open surgery or robotic surgery.

• Other treatments: Depending on the pathological examination results, patients may need to receive additional chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT).

4. Kidney cancer

Kidney tumors are a disease encountered in both male and female patients. It is often detected incidentally after imaging methods such as ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT) performed for other reasons in patients with no complaints. In this way, most patients are diagnosed at an early stage.

Surgical treatment has a place in every stage of kidney tumors. While complete removal of the tumor with surgery provides a chance for complete treatment in limited disease, it slows down the progression of cancer in widespread disease and prolongs the life of patients.

In light of developments in medicine and technology, kidney-sparing surgeries (Partial Nephrectomy-PN) are currently performed in suitable patients, aiming to remove the tumorous tissue while preserving as much healthy kidney tissue as possible. In very large tumors and in cases where removal is difficult due to the location of the tumor, it may be necessary to completely remove that kidney (Radical Nephrectomy). With kidney-sparing surgeries, the tumorous tissue in the patient is completely cleaned, and kidney functions are partially preserved, preventing the development of kidney failure, heart failure and hypertension in the long term.

It is thought that targeted drug treatments given after nephrectomy in a limited group of patients with widespread metastatic disease can prolong life.

The method we apply to suitable patients in the treatment of kidney cancer at Anadolu Health Center is Kidney-Sparing Surgery (Partial Nephrectomy) with robotic surgery or open surgery.

5. Adrenal tumors

Adrenal glands are endocrine glands located on both kidneys and play a major role in body corticosteroid balance, water-salt balance, blood pressure regulation and androgen (male hormone) production. Although adrenal tumors are rarely malignant, they can cause serious illnesses due to excessive hormone secretion from benign tumors. The treatment of adrenal tumors is surgical removal of the tumorous adrenal gland (Adrenalectomy). This procedure can be performed as robotic surgery, laparoscopic surgery or open surgery.

6. Retroperitoneal tumors

Primary retroperitoneal tumors are quite rare. They usually originate from mesenchymal tissues. They are often in sarcoma histology. However, when encountered, they usually require large-scale surgeries. These patients are usually candidates for chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy after surgery.

In patients with metastatic lymph node involvement around the large vessels Aorta and Vena Cava (Main Artery and Vein) after the spread of testicular tumors, these tumor tissues are completely cleaned with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) surgery performed with open surgery or robotic surgery.

In addition, excessive proliferation of connective tissue in the retroperitoneum for any reason (in those who receive radiotherapy to this area, sometimes without any reason) may impair urine drainage from the kidneys as a result of the compression of the urinary tracts (ureters) between the surrounding adherent tissues (Retroperitoneal Fibrosis). In these patients, the ureters are freed from these adhesions and saved from the pressure of the surrounding tissue with surgery performed with open surgery or robotic surgery (Ureterolysis).