Nihal Işık

The intense stress and fast-paced lifestyle brought about by modern living can lead to an increase in cognitive problems such as forgetfulness. Being constantly exposed to information overload, the intensity of work and social life, and similar factors can negatively affect a person's mental health, potentially leading to neurological diseases. There are various methods to cope with problems like stress and forgetfulness.

Insomnia is a condition that many people can experience.

A tic is a condition frequently seen, especially in childhood.

SMA is a neurological disease that affects motor neurons.

Syncope, commonly known as fainting, is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a brief decrease in blood flow to the brain.

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, learns, thinks, behaves, and interacts with others.

Today, many health conditions are emerging related to people's lifestyles and sleep patterns.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that can affect the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. The disease causes issues with vision, balance, muscle control, and other essential bodily functions. The severity of the symptoms varies from patient to patient. Some people experience very mild symptoms that do not require treatment, while others may need help moving around or carrying out daily activities.

Migraine disease can be described as a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent throbbing-type headache attacks, accompanied by some additional symptoms.

Migraine pain is a pain that lasts for hours and is of unbearable intensity, significantly preventing the person from continuing their daily life.

Meningitis is a serious infection that can affect individuals of almost any age, particularly seen in infants, young children, teenagers, and young adults. If not treated quickly, it can lead to life-threatening blood poisoning and cause permanent damage to the brain or nerves.

Restless legs syndrome is a common condition, affecting approximately 10% of the population [1]. Restless legs syndrome is an impulsive and neurological movement disorder that occurs in the legs while at rest or when immobile. The disturbing symptoms tend to decrease with movement but may intensify in the evening or at night. Genetic or environmental factors are considered underlying causes of the disease. It is known that symptoms worsen, especially in patients with iron deficiency. The symptoms typically develop during rest, particularly during sleep at night, and include the urge to move, sleep disturbances, and concentration problems.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder originating from the central nervous system. It is a medical condition that can cause abnormal behaviors, sometimes loss of consciousness, and especially seizures. It affects approximately 1% of the world’s population. Experts state that, for an epilepsy diagnosis, seizures must occur at least twice, with a minimum of 24 hours between each occurrence, and there should be no identifiable trigger for their onset.

Epilepsy, commonly known as "sara" in everyday language, is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures. Caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain cells, epilepsy leads to temporary disruptions in brain activity. Epilepsy is characterized by short seizure durations, and its global prevalence is around 1%. As the fourth most common neurological disorder, epilepsy can occur at almost any age.

Dementia, also known as cognitive decline, is a global health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, more than 55 million people currently suffer from dementia. Dementia itself is not considered a standalone disease. Instead, it is referred to as a syndrome characterized by a decline in cognitive and mental functions. Dementia is a significant health problem worldwide, particularly affecting the quality of life of individuals in older age groups. Detailed information on dementia can be found in the continuation of this article.

Headaches, one of the most common health problems, can affect people of all ages and genders. Affecting approximately half of the world's population, headaches are more common in women compared to men. A headache can occur when various tissues and nerves, such as the head and neck muscles, as well as the ear, nose, throat, arteries, veins, and the periosteum (a membrane covering the bones), are compressed, strained, or displaced. This condition, which can significantly reduce a person's quality of life, may at times become severe enough to disrupt daily activities. The International Headache Society (IHS) classifies all types of headaches into 14 main categories and over 100 subgroups. In other words, headaches encompass a wide range of conditions. However, 90% of all headaches are caused by migraine and tension-type headaches.

Alzheimer's disease, one of the types of dementia commonly referred to as senility, is caused by the death of brain cells that occurs over time. Alzheimer's leads to a decrease in cognitive functions and is one of the most common types of dementia in society. As a neurological disease, Alzheimer's results in the loss of brain cells. Due to cell loss, the brain shrinks and reduces in size. In the early stages, the disease causes simple forgetfulness, but as it progresses, the person gradually forgets recent events. Over time, the individual may become unable to recognize their close surroundings and family members and may struggle to control their emotions and thoughts. Alzheimer's symptoms, which are often seen after the age of 60, develop gradually. Therefore, the initial stage of the disease may not be noticeable to the person or their loved ones. However, as the disease progresses, it eventually leads to an inability to perform daily activities.

The brain has many different areas responsible for controlling daily behaviors. Among these areas are those that help with understanding, speaking, and maintaining communication. Trauma occurring in specific regions responsible for these tasks can result in acquired dysfunction, leading to difficulties in understanding and speaking. This anomaly, often resulting from an illness, is called aphasia. Aphasia can vary depending on the person's ability to perceive the tools used for speaking, understanding, and communication. In the most common types of aphasia, patients may not be able to understand what is being said or may give meaningless responses to what they hear. Aphasia is one of those conditions that, with accurate diagnosis, treatment, and a positive effect from both the patient and their caregivers on the recovery process, can be reversible.