10 Questions and 10 Answers About Mammography

Early diagnosis is life-saving in breast cancer, which affects 1 in every 8 women. Dr. Muhittin Mümtaz Özarar, a Radiology Specialist at Anadolu Medical Center, emphasizes that visiting a doctor and having a mammogram once a year is life-saving for early detection. Here are 10 frequently asked questions about mammography answered in the context of Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October.

1. Can breastfeeding women have a mammogram?

In breastfeeding women, the density of breast tissue increases due to milk production and the dense glandular tissue responsible for milk production. This can slightly reduce the sensitivity of the mammogram. However, mammograms are still helpful when necessary. Breastfeeding before the mammogram reduces the amount of milk in the tissue, decreasing density and improving the quality of the images.

2. How should women with breast implants (silicone) perform breast screening?

Breast implants do not interfere with mammography, ultrasonography, or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) procedures. The pressure applied during a mammogram does not harm the implants. Mammogram machines have settings for breast implants, allowing detailed images. It is recommended to also perform ultrasonography alongside mammography in these cases.

3. Is there any harm in having a mammogram? Does it increase the risk of cancer?

Mammography uses X-rays, and the amount of radiation involved is theoretically very low and unlikely to trigger cancer. With modern digital mammography machines, the amount of radiation has significantly decreased. The radiation exposure during a mammogram is similar to that experienced during a plane flight due to sun exposure. Do we avoid flying because of this?

4. What should I pay attention to before going for a mammogram?

No special preparation is required for a mammogram. However, it is important not to use cosmetic products such as powder or deodorant on the day of the procedure. Women with sensitive breast tissue before menstruation are advised to schedule their mammogram after their period to avoid discomfort and ensure a more comfortable procedure.

5. Who should have a breast ultrasound?

Breast ultrasound is used as a complementary test for those with dense breast tissue after mammography. It is also the primary imaging technique for patients under 40, and is used to assess the axillary (underarm) area and to guide biopsy procedures.

6. When should a breast ultrasound be performed?

A breast ultrasound can be performed without any preparation at any time. It is a non-radiation procedure and is safe during pregnancy.

7. Should women over 40 have a breast ultrasound or mammogram? Should women over 50 have a breast ultrasound?

From age 40, routine annual mammography is recommended for screening. For individuals with dense breast tissue or reduced sensitivity of mammography, or if any abnormal findings are seen in a mammogram, an ultrasound should be performed in addition to the mammogram. Women over 50 can also easily undergo ultrasound if necessary.

8. How often should a mammogram be done?

A mammogram should be performed annually starting from the age of 40. For women in high-risk groups, earlier screenings may be recommended. It is advisable to discuss this with your doctor.

9. How often should someone with a family history of breast cancer be screened? Is mammography alone sufficient for high-risk women?

Individuals with a family history of breast cancer should undergo an annual mammogram and ultrasound starting at age 40. For women whose first-degree relative was diagnosed with breast cancer under 40, screenings should start 10 years younger than the age at which their relative was diagnosed. For example, if your close relative was diagnosed with breast cancer at 35, you should start regular checkups at 25.
Women in high-risk groups should also include annual breast MRI in their routine check-ups, alongside mammography and ultrasound. Proper risk assessment is important to ensure correct follow-up.

10. At what age should a breast ultrasound be performed?

There is no age restriction for breast ultrasound. It can be performed at any age and is safe for pregnant women as well.