Ali Uğur Emre

Polyps are growths that form on or inside an organ in the body, resembling small lumps. These abnormal growths are mostly benign, but some types can turn into cancer over time. Polyps can consist of cells from different tissues within the body. They are often seen as stalked or non-stalked protrusions. In the treatment of polyps, doctors can use different methods depending on the type, size, and location of the polyp. For example, small and benign polyps can usually be removed using endoscopic methods without surgical intervention. For gastrointestinal polyps, procedures such as colonoscopy or endoscopic polypectomy are frequently used. However, polyps that carry a risk of cancer or cause symptoms may require more aggressive treatment. In this case, methods such as surgical intervention, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy may be preferred.

Thyroid cancer is an uncontrolled cell growth that starts in the thyroid gland and has many types. While most types grow slowly, some can be aggressive. This type of cancer may not cause any symptoms in its early stages; however, as the cancerous tissue grows, it can lead to symptoms such as swelling in the neck, changes in voice, and difficulty swallowing. Thyroid cancers account for approximately 1% of all cancers【1】. In recent years, the incidence has increased particularly among the female population. Imaging methods may be used during the diagnosis stage. Most thyroid cancers can be treated with various procedures, and the types of cancer that respond best to treatment are small tumors in the early stages.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It accounts for 24% of all female cancers and 15.5% of cancer deaths. It is reported that 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some point in their lives. Rarely, breast cancer is also seen in men, with 1 man diagnosed for every 100 women. The incidence of breast cancer has been found to increase every year.

The skin is an organ that protects the body against external factors such as heat, light, microorganisms, and injury. Acting as a vital barrier for organs, the skin helps maintain body temperature, receive various signals from the environment, and provide immune system defense. The thickness and texture of the skin can vary among individuals. However, all humans have skin composed of three layers. The outermost layer of the skin is the epidermis, which contains melanocytes that give color to the skin. Beneath the epidermis lies the dermis, which houses sebaceous glands, hair follicles, nerve endings, and sweat glands. The innermost layer, the hypodermis, is a fatty tissue where body fat is stored. Each layer can have different functions. The sebaceous glands in the dermis are small glands that help reduce fragility by covering hair follicles. The lumps that occur due to the excessive growth of cells in this fatty tissue are called lipomas. Lipomas can form in any area where fat cells are present, and they are generally benign and usually harmless. Known as "lipomas," these lumps are painless, mobile, and fatty. They typically occur in adults aged 40-60 years. The formation of cancerous lipomas is rare and is referred to as "liposarcoma." Dermiste bulunan yağ bezleri kıl köklerini kaplayarak kırılganlığı azaltmaya yardımcı olan küçük bezlerdir. Bu yağ dokusundaki hücrelerin aşırı şekilde büyümeleri sonucu oluşan yumrulara yağ bezesi denir. Yağ hücrelerinin bulunduğu her bölgede oluşabilen yağ bezesi iyi huylu ve genellikle zararsızdır. “Lipom” olarak bilinen yağ bezeleri ağrısız, hareketli ve yağlı yumrular şeklindedir. Genellikle 40-60 yaş yetişkinlerde görülebilir. Kanserli lipom oluşması nadirdir ve “liposarkom” olarak adlandırılır (1, 2).

The high prevalence of breast cancer, its increasing frequency, the possibility of treating it in its early stages, and the ability to diagnose it at an early stage under current conditions all increase the importance of screening methods for breast cancer.

Due to various factors, including poor eating habits, the number of obese individuals worldwide has been increasing steadily. This situation has brought about innovations and developments in obesity treatment. One of the non-surgical treatment options for obesity is the new generation gastric balloons. If you are curious about what an ingestible gastric balloon is, who it is applied to, and its advantages, you can find the answers by reading the continuation of this article.

Today, obesity has become a disease that threatens public health. The prevalence of obesity has increased across all age groups, especially in children, and as a result, obesity-related diseases have become more common. Obesity is particularly a condition that seriously threatens cardiovascular health. To prevent diseases associated with obesity, it is essential to treat obesity.

A pilonidal cyst is typically seen in the coccyx (tailbone) area, where hair collects under the skin and forms a cystic condition.

A hernia is a condition that occurs in different areas of the body, disrupts the quality of life, and can lead to serious health problems.

Hemorrhoid, commonly known as piles or "mayasıl" in Turkish, is a condition caused by the relaxation and outward sagging of the veins around the anus.

A hernia, which occurs in 2-4% of the population, is a serious condition that can lower the quality of life, lead to job loss, and sometimes even pose a life-threatening risk.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. What is pancreatic cancer, what are its symptoms, and what is done in treatment? How is the "Whipple technique," one of the most difficult surgeries in the field of general surgery, applied?

The breasts are composed of tissue made up of lobules that produce milk, ducts that transport the milk to the nipple, and supporting tissue such as fatty tissue and fibrous connective tissue. The lobules and milk ducts form the structure of the breast and are responsible for milk production. Fatty and fibrous tissues give shape to the breast. The combination of fat and fibrous tissue is referred to as the "glandular" structure.

The rectum is the last 15 cm of the muscular channel called the colon, which is an important part of the digestive system. Tumor cells that develop in this 15 cm area may lead to rectal cancer once they reach a certain number. It is a type of cancer with a high mortality rate, which is why early diagnosis and treatment are critical. Rectal cancer may develop without symptoms in some cases. Some patients may experience symptoms such as rectal bleeding, diarrhea, constipation, and unexplained weight loss. A family history of rectal cancer and certain hereditary disorders may increase the risk of rectal cancer. Treatment procedures may vary depending on the stage of the cancer. The general treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.

Pancreatic cancer is a condition that affects the pancreas, an organ located in the abdominal region that helps with digestion. Symptoms may include nausea, bloating, fatigue, jaundice, and loss of appetite. Treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Due to the difficulty of detecting the disease in its early stages, it can lead to serious complications.

There are 4 stages in breast cancer. These are:

Ductal ectasia is the dilation and hardening of the milk duct. Dilation of the milk ducts is more commonly observed in women aged 40 and 50.

The breasts are composed of tissue made up of lobules that produce milk, ducts that transport the milk to the nipple, and supporting tissue such as fatty tissue and fibrous connective tissue. The lobules and milk ducts form the structure of the breast and are responsible for milk production. Fatty and fibrous tissues give shape to the breast. The combination of fat and fibrous tissue is referred to as the "glandular" structure.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It accounts for 24% of all female cancers and 15.5% of cancer deaths. It is reported that 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer at some point in their lives. Rarely, breast cancer is also seen in men, with 1 man diagnosed for every 100 women. The incidence of breast cancer has been found to increase every year.

The high prevalence of breast cancer, its increasing frequency, the possibility of treating it in its early stages, and the ability to diagnose it at an early stage under current conditions all increase the importance of screening methods for breast cancer.