Pınar Erdoğan Özgür

Dyslexia is a term derived from the Greek words "dys" and "lexia," meaning insufficient. Dyslexia is a type of learning difficulty that interferes with the brain's ability to process written language. Individuals with dyslexia experience problems with reading and related skills. When considering their biological age, measured intelligence level, and education, their reading abilities fall significantly below what is expected.

Breakfast for babies is essential for their healthy growth and development. For the first six months, babies should be fed only breast milk, but after the sixth month, the transition to solid foods can begin with a doctor's recommendation. These foods meet the baby's energy needs and provide the necessary nutrients for healthy growth. Preparing healthy breakfasts that are suitable for your baby’s needs will positively impact their eating habits.

Constipation, one of the most common disorders in infants, is an easily treatable condition. This disease affects the stomach and intestinal system and can lead to issues such as feeding problems, restlessness, and abdominal pain. Constipation is defined as difficult, hard, and painful bowel movements occurring every 3-4 days and can arise due to genetic predisposition, medications used, dietary habits, or iron drops. Newborns typically have an average of four soft bowel movements during the first week after birth. Infants who are breastfed may have bowel movements as often as six times a day, and their stools are soft, golden-colored, and quite watery. In contrast, infants fed formula made with cow's milk may have stools that are greenish, firmer, and foul-smelling. This condition is often due to an allergy or intolerance to the proteins in cow's milk.

Chickenpox is an infectious disease characterized by red rashes on the skin. While it is most common in children, it can affect people of all ages. The body rashes that appear can eventually turn into fluid-filled blisters. Other symptoms may include a high fever, headache, body aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Chickenpox symptoms typically begin to appear about 10-21 days after exposure and are usually mild to moderate in severity. The most common way that chickenpox spreads is through the respiratory tract, but it can also be transmitted by direct contact or contact with infected surfaces. Chickenpox is usually treatable at home, and medications like fever reducers and itch relievers can be used to alleviate symptoms.

Chickenpox is an infectious disease characterized by red rashes on the skin. While it is more common in children, it can affect individuals of all ages. The body rashes that appear can eventually turn into fluid-filled blisters. Other symptoms may include a high fever, headache, body aches, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Chickenpox symptoms usually begin to appear approximately 10-21 days after exposure and are typically mild to moderate in severity. The most common way that chickenpox spreads is through the respiratory tract, but it can also spread through direct contact or contact with infected surfaces. Chickenpox is usually treatable at home, and medications such as fever reducers and itch-relieving treatments can be used to alleviate symptoms.

Rotavirus is a common viral infection that causes diarrhea, particularly in children under 5 years of age. Some studies show that there are more than 100 million cases of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis worldwide each year. Today, there are various vaccines against rotavirus, and vaccination programs are being implemented. However, the disease remains a significant health issue that still affects many people. You can find answers to questions such as what are the symptoms of rotavirus, how does it spread, and how is it treated, along with other details you may be curious about in the rest of the article.

Measles is one of the most common infectious diseases of childhood, caused by a viral infection that can also occur in adults if vaccination and immunity are not provided. The Rubeola virus, which is easily transmitted through respiratory droplets, causes various symptoms along with red spots on the skin. Measles, once one of the most common childhood diseases, has been brought under control with the development of the measles vaccine. Initially, the Rubeola virus causes symptoms such as fever, weakness, and a runny nose. If left untreated, it can lead to severe health problems, including pneumonia and encephalitis, which can be fatal. Therefore, it is important to have knowledge about measles, including its symptoms and how it progresses, to maintain personal health and protect public health.

Cystic fibrosis is a significant genetic disease that affects various organ systems, primarily the lungs and digestive system. During this condition, the body produces thick and sticky mucus. Over time, the mucus accumulates in the lungs and pancreatic ducts, causing blockages. Individuals with this condition, which can have a life-threatening course, generally have a shorter lifespan compared to healthy individuals. Until about 60-70 years ago, patients with cystic fibrosis only lived up to elementary school age. However, thanks to recent developments, individuals with this condition can now live into their 30s, 40s, and even beyond. The prevalence of cystic fibrosis in the population is approximately 1 in 3,000, and since 75% of newly diagnosed individuals are under the age of 2, it is important to raise awareness. Before answering frequently asked questions such as "What causes cystic fibrosis?" and "How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?", it is important to first answer the question, "What is cystic fibrosis?"

Urinary tract diseases in children can be as common as in adults. This condition, which is more frequently seen in girls, can cause permanent kidney damage if left untreated. Pediatric Nephrology Specialist Assoc. Prof. Dr. Neşe Karaaslan Bıyıklı from Anadolu Medical Center highlights the importance of urinary tract infections for both boys and girls and shares key points that parents should pay attention to.

Children, whose immune systems are not yet sufficiently strong, are at a higher risk of contracting certain viral infections. This risk increases in crowded places, such as daycare centers and schools. Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common infection among children, but it can also spread to adults. In adults, due to stronger immunity, symptoms may not appear. However, although it usually presents with mild symptoms in children, it can cause serious health issues.

Down syndrome is a genetically based disorder commonly seen in society. Individuals with Down syndrome may experience various complications related to the condition, but thanks to the advancements in medical care, people with Down syndrome can lead long and healthy lives.

Reflux disease, which occurs in about 40% to 60% of babies within the first 6 months after birth, is a condition that manifests with various symptoms and usually resolves between 6-12 months.

Thrush in babies appears as lesions resembling cotton on the roof of the mouth, tongue, and cheeks, caused by a fungal parasite called Candida albicans. Although it is most commonly seen in newborns, it can occur in all babies up to one year of age.

Diarrhea, which is defined by the consistency of stools becoming watery and an increase in stool frequency due to an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes in the digestive tract, can be a very serious health issue, especially in babies.