The human brain is part of the central nervous system and has a complex structure. In adults, it weighs approximately 1.4 kg and consists of blood vessels, neurons, and supporting glial cells. From the early stages of life to adulthood, the weight and structure of the brain continuously change and develop. Both genetic and environmental factors can directly or indirectly affect brain development.

Cervical herniation occurs when one of the discs in the cervical spine (neck vertebrae) protrudes or leaks a gel-like substance outside of the disc. This usually happens when the inner part of the disc pushes outward through the outer part. Cervical herniation can lead to various types of pain in individuals' bodies. However, some patients may not experience any pain. In addition to pain symptoms, numbness or weakness in the arm and hand may also occur. Cervical herniation can result from muscle weakness, trauma, or neck injuries. Treatment methods include rest, exercise, physical therapy, and pain-relief medications. However, in more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Essential tremor, commonly known as shaking disorder, is a condition characterized by tremors in the hands, arms, or other parts of the body. The frequency of this condition increases with age and is more common between the ages of 10-19 or 50-59. Essential tremor affects approximately 1% of the global population, with an estimated 5% of people over the age of 60 affected. While it is not a dangerous disease, if left untreated, it can interfere with daily activities. There are several treatment options, which can be chosen based on the individual's condition and the severity of the disease. Essential tremor is a slowly progressive condition, which means it may take many years to reach a stage where it significantly impacts one’s quality of life.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), commonly referred to as "brain pacemaker" surgery, is a surgical intervention used in the treatment of neurological disorders. This procedure involves placing electrodes within specific areas of the brain and connecting them to a battery-operated device. DBS is recognized as an effective option for managing symptoms of various neurological disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease.

Tumors form as a result of uncontrolled reproduction and growth of certain cells in any tissue or organ of the body.

The spine is a bridge made up of bones, joints, and discs that extend between the head and the coccyx, carrying a large portion of the body’s mass.

Hydrocephalus is a condition that can occur at any age, including during fetal development.

Although the exact cause of cerebellar herniation occurring at any age is not fully understood, significant progress has been made in its treatment.

Neurosurgery, also known as brain and nerve surgery, is the branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the brain and nervous system.

A brain tumor is a condition that occurs when the cells in the brain’s own tissue undergo uncontrolled growth or when cancer cells from another part of the body reach the brain through the bloodstream and spread to this area.

Brain tumors are divided into two groups: benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous).

The brainstem anatomically connects the brain to the spinal cord.

Brain cancer is the rapid and uncontrolled multiplication and growth of malignant tumor cells in the brain. The cells responsible for brain cancer have the ability to self-renew. Brain tumors can occur in the pituitary and pineal glands, the membrane on the surface of the brain, and the nerves. Secondary tumors, which originate in other parts of the body and spread to affect the brain, are more common than primary brain tumors that arise directly in the brain. The most commonly observed cases of brain cancer originate from secondary brain tumors. In 2022, it was reported that more than 1,900 people, with an average age of 59, were diagnosed with brain cancer worldwide.