What is Intestinal Worm? Symptoms and Treatment Methods

Intestinal worms are a type of infection caused by parasites that settle in the intestines. They are more commonly seen in children and families with young children. Primarily caused by poor hygiene, these worms can spread through contact with an infected person, sharing personal items, or consuming contaminated food. This condition may lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and various digestive problems. Intestinal worms generally cause mild to moderate symptoms and can be easily treated with medication. Continue reading to learn more about the causes, prevention methods, and treatment of intestinal worms.

What is an Intestinal Worm?

Intestinal worms, also known as pinworms, are parasites of the species Enterobius vermicularis. These parasites settle in the small intestine and can cause various symptoms. In some individuals, intestinal worms may live for years without causing any symptoms. Some common types of intestinal worms that infect humans include:

• Pinworm: Pinworms are the most common type of intestinal parasite worldwide, especially affecting children and families with young children.
• Tapeworms: Tapeworms reside in the intestines of people who consume raw or undercooked pork and beef.
• Hookworms: Hookworms enter the body through the skin from infected soil and live by sucking blood from the intestines. They typically don’t cause noticeable symptoms.
• Ascaris: Ascaris, also known as roundworms, are widespread worldwide. While they don’t usually cause noticeable symptoms, they can grow to about the length of a foot in adult humans.

The prevalence of these parasite types can vary depending on the country and environmental conditions. Since these parasites can lead to serious health issues in some individuals, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional if there is any suspicion of infection.

What are the Symptoms of Intestinal Worms?

Intestinal worms can cause different symptoms depending on the person, or they may be asymptomatic, going unnoticed. When the infection develops, common symptoms can include digestive issues, weight loss, restlessness, itching and whiteness around the anal area, and, in some cases, visible parasites in the stool. General symptoms of intestinal worms may include:

• Abdominal pain and stomach discomfort
• Nausea and vomiting
• Gas and bloating
• Loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss
• High fever
• Restlessness
• Sleep problems
• Itching around the anus or vaginal area
• General feeling of unwellness

In addition to these symptoms, dysentery may also develop in some cases, presenting with bloody, mucous stools or diarrhea.

What Causes Intestinal Worms?

Intestinal worms are often contracted through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from infected animals like cows, cattle, and pigs. Infected individuals can transmit it to others through direct contact or shared items. Common causes of intestinal worms include:

• Drinking contaminated water
• Contact with or eating food from contaminated soil
• Using unhygienic restrooms
• Consuming contaminated food or drinks
• Sharing spaces or personal items with infected individuals
• Poor hygiene practices

These parasites enter the body due to these causes and settle in the intestines, where they can multiply, leading to various symptoms.

How are Intestinal Worms Diagnosed?

If symptoms indicating intestinal worms are present, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional. While parasites in the intestines may not always cause symptoms, they can eventually pass through the digestive system and be expelled in stool. Female worms, which are generally about the size of a staple, may lay eggs around the anus at night, which can be visible in this area. Doctors may inquire if parasites are visible in stool based on the symptoms reported. Some types of parasites can be observed directly under a microscope in stool samples, while others require a tape test around the anal area to capture and examine eggs. Stool samples may be analyzed in a lab to confirm the diagnosis.

What are the Risk Factors for Intestinal Worms?

Intestinal worms are most commonly seen in children and their family members, as children often play in outdoor areas like parks or sand, and are present in densely populated places like schools. Other risk factors include older age, having diseases like HIV/AIDS, a weakened immune system, and frequent international travel.

What are the Harms of Intestinal Worms?

While intestinal worms are often not considered a serious condition, they can lead to complications in certain risk groups or if left untreated. Some potential harms include:

• Disruption of nutritional balance
• Anemia
• Intestinal blockages
• Dehydration

If left untreated, intestinal worms can lead to severe health issues over time. Recognizing the condition and seeking medical assistance is essential to prevent possible complications.

How is Intestinal Worm Treated?

Since intestinal worms have symptoms similar to other digestive system diseases, it is important to consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Doctors typically start with medication appropriate for the type of parasite and the severity of the infection. The medication is generally taken for 1-3 days and may be repeated at the same dose after two weeks if necessary. Since intestinal worms are contagious, it is recommended that all family members take the medication. Symptoms usually decrease or disappear within a few weeks after taking the medication. For effective treatment, it is crucial to take the prescribed dosage as directed by the doctor. After completing the treatment, a follow-up stool test may be conducted to confirm the absence of parasites.

How to Prevent Intestinal Worms?

Some methods to reduce the risk of intestinal worms include:

• Hand Hygiene: Washing hands frequently with soap and water is one of the most effective ways to prevent intestinal worms and other contagious infections, especially after using the bathroom, handling animals, or returning from outside.
• Toilet Use: Shared toilets increase the risk of transmission of intestinal worms. Toilets should be cleaned before and after each use, and it’s recommended to avoid public restrooms if possible. Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet is essential.
• Vegetable and Fruit Cleaning: Thoroughly washing fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking helps remove any parasite eggs or residues.
• Cooking Meat Properly: Cooking meat at high temperatures until fully done can help eliminate parasites that may be present in the meat.
• Avoiding Shared Items: If someone in the household is infected or suspected of being infected, it may be beneficial to separate personal items, particularly towels, sheets, cups, combs, and personal care items, to reduce the risk of transmission.

These precautions can be helpful in preventing intestinal worm infections. Regular health check-ups can also be beneficial, especially if there are children in the household or other risk factors. If you or your children show symptoms of intestinal worms, consider consulting a healthcare provider.