Why Does Bleeding from the Rectum Occur?

Rectal bleeding can be caused by issues related to the lower gastrointestinal system, but it can also originate from the perianal area, or more specifically, the anus and its surrounding regions.

The severity of the bleeding usually depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, the bleeding may occur as a slow leakage while resting, while in other instances, it may happen during defecation. Most individuals notice the bleeding when they clean themselves or see staining on their underwear.

The rectum, which is the final section of the large intestine where stool is stored, is commonly involved in rectal bleeding. Known medically as rectal bleeding, this condition can significantly reduce an individual's quality of life. Rectal bleeding is usually noticed during defecation but may also present as staining on toilet paper or underwear in some cases.

Rectal bleeding, which is common in society, can be a sign of very serious health problems. Therefore, the cause of the bleeding must be thoroughly investigated when blood is present in the stool. Rectal bleeding is often a symptom of conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, irritable bowel syndrome, colon polyps, and can also be linked to colon and rectal cancers. Waiting for rectal bleeding to resolve on its own can lead to the progression of the underlying condition and delay diagnosis and treatment. Before discussing the symptoms of rectal bleeding, it's important to answer the commonly asked question, "What is rectal bleeding?"

What is Rectal Bleeding?

Issues in the anal region are often not mentioned due to the individual's hesitation. This condition, which can lead to changes in eating and bathroom habits and a decrease in quality of life, may indicate serious health problems. It is not a correct approach to delay medical examination or wait for the complaint to subside, as early diagnosis is crucial for accurately determining the source of these commonly seen complaints in society.

Rectal bleeding can be related to the lower gastrointestinal system, but it can also originate from the perianal area, or more specifically, from the anus and its surrounding regions. The severity of the bleeding often depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, the bleeding may manifest as a slow leak while resting, and in other cases, it may occur during defecation. Most people notice the bleeding when cleaning themselves or see staining on their underwear.

How Does Rectal Bleeding Occur?

Rectal bleeding can appear in different forms depending on the type and severity of the underlying condition. The individual may experience pain during bleeding. The blood in the stool is typically streaked or in the form of lines. Bleeding can occur as drips during defecation, or it may appear as clotted or fresh blood on the toilet paper when the person cleans themselves. Although rectal bleeding is most commonly caused by constipation or hemorrhoids, it can sometimes be an early sign of more serious health problems.

Rectal bleeding is a condition that people often hesitate to discuss with others or with their doctor. However, it should be remembered that this is a common health issue, and a doctor’s consultation is necessary. Early diagnosis of the disease causing rectal bleeding is important, as it can increase the chances of treatment.

What Are the Symptoms of Rectal Bleeding?

The most common symptom of rectal bleeding is seeing blood or bloody stool on the toilet, toilet paper, or underwear. The severity and color of the blood can provide valuable information about the disease. Therefore, if an individual notices blood in their stool, on toilet paper, or on their underwear, they should pay attention. Rectal bleeding is commonly seen in the following forms:

• Bright Red Blood: May indicate bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal system, colon, or rectum.
• Dark Red Blood: Typically a sign of bleeding in the small intestine or upper part of the colon.
• Black Blood: Black, tar-like blood may indicate bleeding in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine.

In addition to rectal bleeding, if the person experiences abdominal pain, rectal pain, fainting, dizziness, cramps, or headaches, they should consult a doctor without delay.

What Are the Causes of Rectal Bleeding?

Rectal bleeding can stem from many different health issues. The color and severity of the bleeding provide limited information about the underlying cause. Therefore, if rectal bleeding occurs, the individual should seek medical attention. After listening to the patient's history, the doctor performs a physical examination. If necessary, further tests are conducted to diagnose the disease causing the bleeding, and appropriate treatment is initiated. Delaying a visit to the doctor due to hesitation can lead to the worsening of the underlying condition and make treatment more difficult. Some of the diseases that can cause rectal bleeding are listed below:

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are characterized by the enlargement of veins in the anal canal. This condition, which has two types—internal and external hemorrhoids—can develop due to factors such as constipation or diarrhea, changes in bowel habits, a sedentary lifestyle, pregnancy, alcohol consumption, and colon cancer. Known colloquially as "piles," hemorrhoids cause symptoms like bleeding, pain, swelling, and itching in the anal area. In cases of hemorrhoids, bright red blood may be seen on the toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or in the stool. This condition is most commonly seen in individuals between the ages of 45 and 65. Treatment varies depending on the stage of hemorrhoids and the symptoms they cause.

Anal Abscess

Abscesses that form in the tissue around the anus lead to swelling in the area. Rectal bleeding, pain, burning, itching, and/or purulent discharge from anal abscesses are typically caused by conditions such as diarrhea and diabetes. The condition can also be seen in cases of Crohn’s disease and tuberculosis. Treatment usually involves draining the abscess, and in some cases, the condition may recur.

Anal Fissure

An anal fissure is a tear or cut at the opening of the anus, commonly referred to as an "anal crack." This condition can be caused by various factors such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, pregnancy, and childbirth. Symptoms include rectal bleeding, severe burning during and after defecation, and discomfort similar to the sensation of glass shards cutting or tearing the skin. Bleeding from an anal fissure is often seen as staining on toilet paper. To prevent anal fissures, it is recommended to avoid constipation and make dietary changes. While treatment is usually medicinal, in some cases, surgical intervention may be required.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Also known as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or spastic colon, this condition is characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, rectal bleeding, weight loss, mucus in the stool, and bloating. While the exact cause of IBS is not known, it is believed that hormonal imbalances, stress, and diet play significant roles in its development. To prevent IBS, maintaining a healthy and regular diet, as well as avoiding stress, is recommended. Additionally, exercise programs tailored to the individual can also help. IBS treatment typically involves dietary changes and medications that help regulate bowel movements.

Colon Polyps

Colon polyps, also known as large intestine polyps, are abnormal tissue growths found on the inner surface of the colon. These polyps are more common in individuals over the age of 50, with the frequency increasing after the age of 70. Colon polyps are more common in men and can cause symptoms like rectal bleeding, changes in stool color, constipation, diarrhea, and/or abdominal pain. These polyps tend to bleed, leading to blood in the stool, on toilet paper, or on underwear. Colon polyps are often associated with conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and alcohol use. Changing one’s lifestyle is recommended for prevention, and treatment typically involves surgical methods. If left untreated, colon polyps can lead to serious health issues like colon cancer.

How Is Rectal Bleeding Treated?

Rectal bleeding is not a disease itself, but a symptom of another underlying condition. Therefore, it can be caused by many different health issues. Treatment for rectal bleeding varies depending on the underlying condition. It is extremely important for an individual experiencing rectal bleeding to seek medical attention without hesitation for early diagnosis and treatment.

If you are experiencing rectal bleeding, you can seek treatment at the nearest healthcare facility.