What is an IUD? When and How is it Inserted?

An IUD is a contraceptive device that has different options based on an individual's needs and health status.

An IUD is a contraceptive device that has different options based on an individual's needs and health status. Choosing an IUD that meets the needs of women is important for effective and reliable birth control. Women considering the use of an IUD should first consult with a healthcare professional to evaluate their suitability for the device.

What is an IUD?

An IUD is a method of birth control that is inserted into the uterus to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Typically made of copper, the T-shaped IUD works by affecting uterine fluids, sperm movement, and the ovulation cycle when placed within the uterus. This prevents fertilization because sperm and egg cannot come together. The IUD is a long-term birth control method, and its effectiveness is quite high as long as it is properly inserted.

Why is an IUD Used?

The IUD is one of the preferred methods in situations where pregnancy is to be prevented. Some reasons for choosing an IUD as a birth control method include:

• It remains effective for years after insertion.
• It does not have a long-term effect on female fertility, and fertility resumes once it is removed.
• Its pregnancy-preventing effect begins immediately after insertion.
• It is an effective option for women who do not wish to take hormonal medications.

When is an IUD Inserted?

The timing of IUD insertion varies depending on a woman's needs and pregnancy status. The IUD can be inserted during the first days of the menstrual cycle or at the end of the menstrual period, as the cervix is open. If there is no risk of pregnancy, the procedure can also be performed on any day of the menstrual period. If a person wishes to use an IUD after childbirth, it is recommended to wait at least six weeks post-delivery. However, due to certain factors such as health status, uterine structure, and infections, IUD use may not be suitable for every woman. Each woman's needs are different, so consulting a healthcare professional for proper timing and suitable IUD selection is the best course of action.

Who Can Use an IUD?

The IUD is a suitable option for women who are knowledgeable about birth control methods and are sexually active. Those seeking effective and long-term protection may consider using an IUD. Additionally, women who cannot use hormonal methods due to side effects or health issues may also prefer an IUD. The IUD is advantageous for women who have difficulty with the regular use of birth control methods since it provides protection for many years once inserted. However, the use of an IUD may not be appropriate for women with sexually transmitted infections. Additionally, certain uterine structures and health issues may hinder the use of an IUD. Therefore, it is important for individuals to consult a healthcare professional to assess their suitability for IUD use.

Who Should Not Use an IUD?

IUD use may not be appropriate for every woman. Situations where IUD use is not suitable for women include:

• IUD use is not appropriate for pregnant women, as the device cannot be placed in the uterus. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that a person is not pregnant before insertion.
• Women with active intrauterine infections should not use an IUD due to the risk of spreading the infection. An infection may also negatively affect the device's function.
• If a person has a structural abnormality in the uterus, the IUD may not be able to be properly placed and therefore cannot be used.
• It is not appropriate to insert an IUD into women diagnosed with uterine or cervical cancer.
• Women with health issues such as excessive bleeding or anemia may experience increased bleeding due to IUD use.
• Women who are allergic to materials like copper used in the IUD cannot use it to avoid allergic reactions.
• It is not appropriate to use an IUD during the postpartum normalization process of the uterus. Therefore, a waiting period is necessary.

How is a Spiral Inserted?

Individuals eligible for spiral insertion should consult with a doctor before the procedure. During this consultation, preferences for the spiral will be evaluated, and the individual’s pregnancy status will also be assessed. If it is determined that the person is not pregnant and there are no health issues that would prevent spiral insertion, the internal dimensions of the uterus will be measured during the examination, and a suitable size for the spiral will be decided. The appointment for spiral insertion is scheduled for a suitable day during the person's menstrual cycle. On the day of the procedure, if deemed necessary by the doctor, local anesthesia may be administered to minimize pain. The doctor uses a tool called a speculum to widen the cervix for inserting the device. The spiral is correctly positioned and placed inside the uterus using an applicator. Regular follow-up examinations after the procedure are important to evaluate the effectiveness of the spiral.

How Often are Doctor Check-ups Required After Spiral Insertion?

Regular doctor check-ups are necessary for monitoring after spiral insertion, as it is a birth control method that requires ongoing medical oversight. These post-procedure check-ups are important to confirm that the device is correctly positioned and functioning properly, to monitor the user’s health, and to identify potential side effects. Typically, a doctor’s visit is recommended within the first three months after insertion. After the first check-up, if the doctor does not suggest an earlier follow-up appointment, it is generally conducted once a year. However, the doctor may establish a different follow-up plan based on the user’s specific conditions and needs. Additionally, users should regularly check the device's strings and report any abnormalities to their doctor as soon as possible.

How is a Spiral Removed?

Before removal, the user should contact their doctor. The spiral is removed at an appropriate time in the woman’s menstrual cycle since the cervix is more open during menstruation, making the procedure easier. A tool called a speculum is used to widen the cervix for the removal. The strings of the spiral are gently pulled by the doctor to facilitate removal, and the device is slowly taken out of the uterus. After the procedure, the doctor may perform an examination to check for any structural issues in the uterus.

Can Pregnancy Occur During Spiral Use?

While the spiral is an effective birth control method when placed in the uterus, it does not completely prevent pregnancy. However, it significantly reduces the likelihood of conception, making pregnancy a rare occurrence while using a spiral. The factors that can increase the risk of pregnancy during spiral use include:

• A decrease in protective effectiveness if the spiral is not correctly inserted.
• Although rare, dislocation of the spiral can lead to pregnancy.
• If a pregnancy is undiagnosed prior to spiral insertion, it may continue while the spiral is in place.
• Failure to conduct necessary check-ups may result in not recognizing that the spiral has exceeded its effective lifespan.

Which Type of Spiral Should be Preferred?

There are fundamentally two types of spirals. Since each woman’s needs and preferences differ, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before deciding which type of spiral is most suitable. The types of spirals are as follows:

• Copper Spiral: The copper spiral is a hormone-free intrauterine device shaped like a T, with copper wire at the bottom. Copper slows down sperm movement when it enters the uterus, preventing it from reaching the egg. Additionally, the bacteriostatic properties of copper can help reduce the risk of infection. It can provide birth control for approximately 5-10 years for those sensitive to hormone use, although this duration can vary.
• Hormonal Spiral: Hormonal spirals are devices that release the hormone progesterone when placed in the uterus. They are T-shaped and made of thin plastic, containing a reservoir for the hormone that prevents sperm cells from reaching the egg. The use of a hormonal spiral may reduce menstrual bleeding for some women. It typically provides protection for around 5 years, but the duration of use can vary by individual.

Symptoms of Spiral Infection

Spiral infections can develop after the device is inserted and are a serious condition. Symptoms of infection include:

• Foul-smelling, discolored, or excessively increased vaginal discharge
• Mild or severe abdominal pain
• Irregular menstrual bleeding
• Fever
• Pain during intercourse
• Sensitivity and fullness in the groin area

Spirals are generally an effective birth control method. However, it is essential for users to ensure that the device is properly inserted and that they attend regular doctor check-ups to minimize the risk of pregnancy. In case of any suspected complications, it is important to consult a healthcare professional