What Is Keratoconus? Symptoms and Treatment of Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a progressive eye disease that typically occurs between the ages of 10 and 20 and is characterized by continuous changes in myopia or astigmatism levels. Emphasizing that the disease can often be perceived as a simple change in prescription and may go unnoticed, Anadolu Health Center Ophthalmology Specialist Op. Dr. Yusuf Avni Yılmaz stated, "While increasing glasses prescriptions can be corrected for a time, in cases of progression, there may be irreversible vision loss. It should be kept in mind that keratoconus could be present in young individuals whose eye prescriptions change frequently. Early diagnosis of keratoconus is extremely important to prevent permanent blindness." Here are the insights provided by Ophthalmology Specialist Op. Dr. Yusuf Avni Yılmaz.

Keratoconus is the thinning and conical protrusion of the cornea, the transparent front layer of the eye, due to the loss of tissue rigidity. This abnormal shape prevents light entering the eye from focusing properly on the retina, resulting in distorted vision. Although the exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, there is information regarding genetic transmission. Approximately 10% of patients with keratoconus have a family history of the condition. Additionally, eye allergies and excessive eye rubbing can also be contributing factors.

Frequent Glasses Changes and Improperly Fitting Contact Lenses as Symptoms of Keratoconus

Keratoconus often affects both eyes and can lead to significantly different vision between them. Symptoms can vary from one eye to the other and may change over time. Early signs include mild visual blurriness, slightly distorted vision where straight lines appear curved or wavy, and increased sensitivity to light. However, as the condition progresses, vision becomes more blurred and distorted, with increased myopia or astigmatism. As a result, individuals may frequently change their glasses, find that contact lenses do not fit properly, and experience discomfort when wearing contact lenses. The progression of keratoconus typically takes years, but it can sometimes worsen rapidly. The cornea may swell suddenly and begin to scar. When the cornea has scar tissue, it loses its smoothness and becomes less clear. Consequently, vision further deteriorates and becomes blurry.

Attention to Ages 10 to 20

Symptoms of keratoconus usually begin in teenagers between the ages of 10 and 20. Keratoconus can progress over 10 to 20 years, and its progression may slow down by the late 30s. Each eye can be affected differently. Keratoconus can be diagnosed through an eye examination by an ophthalmologist specializing in corneal issues. During this detailed examination, the steepness and thickness of your cornea can be assessed. Additionally, a definitive diagnosis may be made using a mapping technique known as corneal topography if necessary. These measurements and tests are also extremely important for monitoring the progression of the disease.

Treatment Varies by Stage of the Disease

The treatment of keratoconus is planned based on the patient's stage and condition. Very mild cases may simply be monitored without any intervention. Conversely, in more severe cases, treatments such as corneal transplantation may be required to regain some degree of vision in keratoconus patients. Individuals with keratoconus typically struggle with distance vision. In mild cases, glasses or soft contact lenses may provide a solution. In slightly more advanced cases, special keratoconus lenses are utilized since vision cannot be adequately achieved with regular methods. In more advanced stages, a corneal transplant may be necessary using different techniques depending on the situation.

Last Updated Date: 21 February 2024

Publication Date: 21 February 2024

MD. Surgeon Yusuf Yılmaz

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