Hemorrhoid Surgery and Post-Surgery Life

Hemorrhoids are a painful and uncomfortable condition caused by the swelling and inflammation of veins inside or around the anal canal. Hemorrhoids can be classified into two main types: internal and external. Internal hemorrhoids arise from the veins located inside the anal canal, while external hemorrhoids originate from the veins surrounding the anus. Factors such as toilet habits, chronic constipation or diarrhea, pregnancy, and excessive weight can trigger the development of hemorrhoids.

How to Recognize Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids, medically referred to as hemorrhoids, occur due to the swelling and inflammation of the veins in the lower rectum and around the anus. This condition can lead to symptoms such as pain, itching, and bleeding during bowel movements. Common symptoms of hemorrhoids include:

• Pain and Itching Around the Anus: Hemorrhoids can cause pain and itching around the anus, which tends to increase, especially during or after bowel movements.
• Bleeding: Hemorrhoids may bleed during or after bowel movements. Seeing blood on toilet paper or in the stool is a sign of hemorrhoids.
• Swelling Outside the Anus: The swelling of hemorrhoids can result in the formation of lumps around the anus.
• Difficulty in Bowel Movements: Large hemorrhoids can cause difficulty during bowel movements, leading to discomfort while using the toilet.

Treatment for Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids can be a bothersome issue for many people. However, there are various treatment options available for this health problem. Treatment options for hemorrhoids include:

• High-Fiber Diet and Adequate Fluid Intake: The first step in treating hemorrhoids is a balanced diet and sufficient fluid intake. High-fiber foods soften stool and facilitate bowel movements, reducing irritation of hemorrhoids. It's important to include fiber-rich foods such as vegetables, fruits, and whole grains in the diet. Additionally, drinking at least 8 glasses of water daily can help maintain proper bowel function.
• Medications and Topical Creams: In some cases, medications and topical creams prescribed by a doctor may be available. These products can relieve itching and reduce swelling. Some medications may help shrink hemorrhoids.
• Exercise and Active Lifestyle: Regular exercise can encourage bowel movements and help prevent hemorrhoids. Additionally, standing up or walking occasionally instead of sitting for long periods can improve circulation and reduce the risk of hemorrhoids.
• Surgical Intervention: In severe cases of hemorrhoids that do not respond to other treatments, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgical options may include hemorrhoid removal (hemorrhoidectomy), rubber band ligation, or laser treatment.

What is Hemorrhoid Surgery?

Hemorrhoid surgery, scientifically referred to as hemorrhoid or hemorrhoidectomy, is a procedure used to treat hemorrhoids. This procedure is preferred in cases of severe or chronic hemorrhoids. Surgical intervention may be necessary in cases of pain, bleeding, or irritation caused by hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoid surgery involves the removal of swollen veins in the anal region. Hemorrhoid surgery can be performed using two different methods:

• Open Hemorrhoidectomy: In this method, the surgeon enlarges the anal opening and removes internal or external hemorrhoids. The area is then closed with stitches. Open hemorrhoidectomy is preferred for larger and more complex hemorrhoid cases.
• Closed Hemorrhoidectomy: In this method, the surgeon removes the hemorrhoidal tissue with a special instrument and does not require stitches. This method is commonly used for smaller hemorrhoids and may offer a less painful recovery process.

How is Hemorrhoid Surgery Performed?

Hemorrhoid surgery is a general term for a series of surgical procedures used to treat hemorrhoids. The procedures vary depending on whether they are open or closed surgery. The steps of the surgery are as follows:

• Open Hemorrhoid Surgery: Open hemorrhoid surgery is typically performed under epidural or general anesthesia to ensure the patient is comfortable during the procedure. The surgeon makes a small incision to access the internal or external hemorrhoids. The swollen and inflamed hemorrhoids are carefully cut and removed. For internal hemorrhoids, the surgeon may need to remove the veins underneath the rectal mucosa. For external hemorrhoids, the visible veins are removed. Stitches are then placed in the incised areas to help control bleeding and initiate the healing process.
• Closed Hemorrhoid Surgery: Closed hemorrhoid surgery is specifically used to treat internal hemorrhoids. This surgery is performed under anesthesia to prevent the patient from feeling pain. The surgeon makes a small incision in the perianal region and accesses the internal hemorrhoids. Closed hemorrhoid surgery typically involves sclerotherapy, where a special substance (usually a sclerosing agent) is injected into the internal hemorrhoids. This substance helps to constrict and harden the veins, thereby reducing the hemorrhoids.

Who Can Undergo Hemorrhoid Surgery?

Hemorrhoid surgery is considered a treatment option in serious cases. It is essential for individuals considering a surgical procedure like hemorrhoidectomy to consult a doctor to determine their suitability for surgery. Generally, it is recommended in the following situations:

• Lack of Response to Medication: In the early stages, hemorrhoids can often be managed with dietary changes and medications. However, if symptoms do not respond to medication or healing takes longer than expected, surgery may be considered.
• Severe Bleeding: Bleeding, one of the symptoms of hemorrhoids, can become a serious issue. In cases of severe bleeding, surgical intervention may be necessary, considering the associated risks.
• Internal Hemorrhoids: Internal hemorrhoids are usually not visible from the outside since they are located inside the anus. Surgery is often recommended for treating internal hemorrhoids.
• Large External Hemorrhoids: Large external hemorrhoids can cause pain and discomfort during bowel movements. In such cases, surgery may be considered.
• Hemorrhoid Prolapse: The condition where the hemorrhoidal tissue protrudes outside the anus is called "prolapse." This condition can cause significant discomfort and may require surgery.

Life After Hemorrhoid Surgery

The recovery process after hemorrhoid surgery can vary depending on the patient's postoperative care and lifestyle changes. After hemorrhoidectomy, patients are usually monitored in the hospital. During this period, symptoms such as pain, swelling, and bleeding are normal. Doctors typically prescribe pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications. Rest is essential during this period. Once discharged, the recovery process continues at home. There are several important points to pay attention to in the initial days of recovery. Maintaining regular toilet habits helps keep the stitches and surgical area clean. Care should be taken during soaking or cleaning processes. A high-fiber diet can help prevent constipation. Additionally, it is crucial to adhere to dietary restrictions recommended by the doctor. Stitches after open hemorrhoidectomy generally dissolve on their own within a few weeks. After closed hemorrhoidectomy, care should be taken with the stitches. Following the doctor's instructions can reduce the risk of infection and expedite recovery. Gradually returning to physical activity under the doctor's supervision can promote the healing process. However, heavy lifting or intense exercise should be avoided. The doctor will regularly monitor the recovery process. During check-ups, the condition of the stitches, the development of symptoms, and the presence of any complications will be assessed. It is important to attend follow-up appointments according to the doctor's recommendations.

You should consult a specialist doctor to decide whether to undergo surgery. This specialist will evaluate the severity of your hemorrhoids, examine your health condition, and determine the most suitable treatment options for you. The decision for surgery is made based on your personal health status, the severity of symptoms, and surgical risks. Remember that each patient is different, and whether surgery is necessary requires a personalized assessment.