What is Hemorrhoids? What Causes Hemorrhoids? What Helps with Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids, medically referred to as "hemorrhoids," occur when the veins in the anus or rectal area swell and protrude. This condition typically arises from excessive straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, obesity, or prolonged sitting. Hemorrhoids can be either internal or external; internal hemorrhoids usually form in the veins inside the anus, while external hemorrhoids develop in the veins surrounding the anus. Initially, this condition is often painless, but over time it may present symptoms such as itching, pain, bleeding, and even difficulty in defecation. In cases of hemorrhoids, lifestyle changes, a fiber-rich diet, warm baths, and topical treatments, along with medication and surgical interventions under medical supervision, can be beneficial.

What is Hemorrhoids? What Types of Hemorrhoids Are There?

Hemorrhoids are swollen, inflamed veins that occur inside or outside the anus and rectum. There are two types: external hemorrhoids, which form under the skin around the anus, and internal hemorrhoids, which develop within the rectum. Hemorrhoids are quite common in both men and women. The types of hemorrhoids include:

Internal Hemorrhoids: Internal hemorrhoids are swollen and inflamed veins that occur inside the anus. They are usually painless but can present symptoms such as bleeding, itching, or discomfort during bowel movements.

External Hemorrhoids: External hemorrhoids refer to swollen and inflamed veins around the anus. This type of hemorrhoid typically presents symptoms such as pain, itching, and bleeding during bowel movements.

What Causes Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids occur when there is excessive pressure on the veins surrounding the anus. Common causes of this condition include:

• Constipation: Constipation can trigger the formation of hemorrhoids by causing straining. It leads to the need for straining during bowel movements, which applies excessive pressure to the veins in the anal area and can lead to hemorrhoid formation.
• Pregnancy: Increased hormone levels and pressure in the abdominal area during pregnancy can trigger the formation of hemorrhoids. Progesterone hormone levels rise during pregnancy, causing the veins to enlarge. Additionally, the increased pressure in the abdominal area during pregnancy can lead to increased pressure on the veins in the anal area.
• Diarrhea: Chronic and excessive diarrhea can trigger the formation of hemorrhoids due to the pressure applied during bowel movements.
• Genetic Factors: Individuals with a family history of hemorrhoids may be more prone to them due to genetic predisposition.
• Lack of Fiber in Diet: A low-fiber diet can be ineffective in softening stool and regulating bowel movements, increasing the risk of hemorrhoids.
• Prolonged Sitting: Sitting for long periods can cause pressure on the veins in the anal area, reducing blood flow in that region.
• Heavy Lifting: Lifting heavy objects can increase pressure in the abdominal area, contributing to the formation of hemorrhoids.
• Aging: The loss of elasticity in veins that occurs with aging can increase the risk of hemorrhoids.
• Obesity: Being overweight puts more strain on the veins in the anal area, and increased pressure in the abdominal area can trigger the development of hemorrhoids.

What Are the Symptoms of Hemorrhoids?

Internal hemorrhoids rarely cause pain unless they protrude outside the rectum, and many individuals with internal hemorrhoids may not be aware of their condition due to a lack of prominent symptoms. A common symptom of internal hemorrhoids is the presence of blood on toilet paper, stool, or in the toilet bowl. These are signs of rectal bleeding. However, external hemorrhoids have distinct symptoms, including:

• Itching in the anal area
• Noticeable hard lumps around the anus
• Pain in the anal area
• Rectal bleeding
• Swelling in the anal area

Protruding hemorrhoids can be painful and uncomfortable. These hemorrhoidal tissues can be felt by individuals and can be gently pushed back in.

How is Hemorrhoids Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of hemorrhoids is made through a physical examination and evaluation of symptoms by a doctor. The doctor assesses factors such as the patient’s symptoms, lifestyle, dietary habits, and family history. The doctor then examines the anal and rectal area during the physical examination to observe swollen veins and other signs. In addition to the physical examination, some imaging tests may be requested by the doctor. Some imaging tests used in the diagnosis of hemorrhoids include:

• Proctoscopic Examination: In some cases, a proctoscope, a special instrument, may be used for a proctoscopic examination to examine the condition inside the rectum.
• Anoscopic Examination: An anoscope, a surgical instrument, can be used to examine the condition inside the anus. These examinations can help detect internal hemorrhoids.
• Colonoscopy or Sigmoidoscopy: In some cases, methods like colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy may be used for a more detailed examination. These imaging techniques allow for a thorough investigation of the intestinal and rectal area.

How is Hemorrhoids Treated?

In most cases, hemorrhoids may resolve on their own within a few days under medical supervision. However, in cases where symptoms persist or are severe, different treatment methods may be used by the doctor. Some treatment methods for hemorrhoids include:

• Lifestyle Changes: A healthy eating program, consuming fiber-rich foods, drinking enough water, and exercising regularly play a significant role in treating hemorrhoids. Fiber-rich foods can help soften stool and regulate bowel movements.
• Warm Baths: Sitting in a warm bath can help relax the anal area and reduce swelling.
• Topical Medications and Pain Relievers: Pain relievers, analgesic creams, and ointments can be used under medical supervision to alleviate pain, itching, and inflammation.
• Sclerotherapy: In this method, a solution is injected into the hemorrhoid, helping the vein shrink and heal.
• Rubber Band Ligation: In this procedure, a rubber band is placed at the base of the hemorrhoid, cutting off its blood supply and causing it to dry out. Once it dries out, the hemorrhoid falls off.
• Coagulation Therapy: Methods like infrared coagulation or electrocautery are used to burn or coagulate the veins within the hemorrhoid, leading to its shrinkage.
• Hemorrhoidectomy: This surgical method involves the removal of large hemorrhoids that cause severe symptoms. It is usually preferred when other treatment methods are ineffective.

Frequently Asked Questions

Hemorrhoids are a common condition that can negatively impact individuals' daily activities. If monitoring and treatment are not conducted carefully, symptoms can worsen.

What Helps Relieve Itching from Hemorrhoids?

To alleviate itching, pain-relief medications, analgesic creams, and ointments can be used under a doctor's supervision. Additionally, natural home remedies for relieving itching may include warm baths, aloe vera gel, and the use of essential oils like lavender. These natural products can help reduce itching and provide relief. However, since individuals have different allergic reactions, it is essential to consult a doctor before using any herbal products for treatment support.

What Should Hemorrhoid Patients Pay Attention To?

Hemorrhoid patients should prioritize a high-fiber diet, choosing foods rich in fiber such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes. Adequate water intake can help soften stools, which may alleviate symptoms. Furthermore, it is advisable to avoid excessively strenuous exercises.

Is Non-Surgical Treatment for Hemorrhoids Possible?

Non-surgical treatment for hemorrhoids can be conducted under a doctor's supervision using various methods. Warm baths, a fiber-rich diet, topical treatments, and minimal invasive procedures like band ligation can help alleviate and improve hemorrhoid symptoms.

What is Beneficial for Hemorrhoids?

The treatment of hemorrhoids varies depending on the type and severity. In mild cases of hemorrhoids, recovery can be achieved through home treatment methods under a doctor's supervision. Adequate fluid intake, consumption of fiber-rich foods, warm baths, probiotic foods, and light exercises can be beneficial.

Hemorrhoids are a condition that affects daily life and often presents painful symptoms, potentially leading to complications in some serious cases. Individuals experiencing hemorrhoid symptoms can schedule an appointment with a general surgery clinic to begin treatment.