What is Trigger Finger Syndrome? Causes and Treatment

Trigger finger syndrome is a medical condition that affects the complex structure of our hands and fingers. This condition, particularly affecting the thumb and ring finger, is characterized by thickening of the tendons, making it difficult for the fingers to bend and straighten properly when flexing or extending. It is also known as "trigger finger syndrome," which impairs the normal movement of the fingers. During a contraction or locking event, returning the finger to its original position can lead to a painful process. Symptoms of trigger finger include clicking, pain, and stiffness. Treatment usually involves methods such as resting the fingers, using splints, and performing trigger finger exercises.

What is Trigger Finger Syndrome?

What Causes Trigger Finger Syndrome?

Trigger finger syndrome arises as a result of irritation, such as inflammation and swelling occurring in a tendon or its surrounding synovial sheath. In this situation, the tendon cannot move freely within this tissue layer, preventing the bending of the fingers or thumb. Particularly when individuals attempt to flex their thumb or other fingers, the inflamed tendon struggles to pass through the narrowed sheath, leading to locking and painful conditions referred to as trigger finger. Additionally, the following physiological and genetic factors may increase the risk of developing trigger finger syndrome:

• Thickening of the Tendon Sheath: The tendon sheath is a structure that allows the fingers to move properly. Thickening or inflammation of this sheath can lead to trigger finger syndrome.
• Injuries: Hand or finger injuries can trigger trigger finger syndrome.
• Repetitive Movements: This syndrome is more frequently observed in individuals who repeatedly perform the same hand or finger movements. Those working in professions that require continuous hand motions may be at risk.
• Genetic Predisposition: A family history may increase the risk of trigger finger syndrome.

What Are the Symptoms of Trigger Finger Syndrome?

Trigger finger syndrome can affect all fingers, including the thumb, or any single finger. It can also impact multiple fingers simultaneously and can occur in both hands. The most common symptoms associated with trigger finger syndrome observed in patients include:

• Finger Cramps: The most prominent symptom of trigger finger syndrome is the sudden cramping or catching of the fingers. These cramps can restrict normal finger movement.
• Finger Locking: Affected fingers may suddenly lock when bent or straightened, making them unable to open. This can make using the fingers difficult.
• Finger Pain: Trigger finger syndrome often causes pain. The pain may intensify during cramping and catching of the fingers.
• Finger Swelling: The affected finger or fingers may swell in the affected area.
• Finger Clicking: Clicking or popping sounds may be heard during the cramping or locking of the fingers.
• Stiffness in the Finger: Individuals with trigger finger syndrome may experience a sensation of stiffness in the affected finger.

These symptoms can vary from person to person and can differ in severity. Some individuals may experience mild symptoms, while others may face more serious issues.

How is Trigger Finger Syndrome Diagnosed?

How is Trigger Finger Syndrome Treated?

The treatment of trigger finger syndrome may vary depending on the severity and duration of the symptoms. Treatment methods include:

• Rest and Splinting: Your doctor may recommend resting the affected finger and using a splint. This can help prevent further strain on the finger.
• Physical Therapy: A physical therapist may suggest specific exercises to improve finger movements and relieve pain. These exercises can focus on strengthening the finger muscles and increasing flexibility.
• Medications: Your doctor may prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or corticosteroid injections to control pain and inflammation.
• Surgical Intervention: In severe cases or situations that do not respond to other treatments, surgical intervention may be necessary. This procedure is known as cutting or releasing the A1 pulley region, which is located just above the MCP joint that encompasses the tendons in the hand. The goal of the surgery is to correct the narrowing of the tendon sheath. The operation takes about 20-30 minutes, and the patient does not need to spend the night in the hospital after the procedure.

Treatment options may vary based on the patient's physical condition and the severity of the syndrome.

Prevention of Trigger Finger Syndrome:

What is Trigger Finger Syndrome Surgery?

This surgery is typically a procedure lasting 20-30 minutes performed in the A1 pulley area located just above the MCP joint in the hand. During the surgery, two procedures known as "A1 pulley release" or "A1 pulley cutting" are performed, depending on the condition of the disorder. These procedures involve cutting or releasing the compressed A1 tendon sheath beneath the finger. This intervention allows the finger to move freely.

The surgery can be performed under local anesthesia or general anesthesia, depending on the patient's overall health condition. The procedure is usually completed in a short period, and patients can return home within a few hours. The rehabilitation process after surgery may vary based on the type of surgical intervention and the patient's general health. Recovery can be accelerated with the recommendation of physical therapy or hand therapy from the doctor. Trigger finger syndrome surgery is generally an effective treatment method and rapidly reduces symptoms for most patients.

What Should Be Considered After Trigger Finger Syndrome Surgery?

There are important points to consider after trigger finger syndrome surgery. To ensure a smooth and comfortable recovery process, it is essential to pay attention to the following:

• Since the procedures performed during minimally invasive surgery are done through small incisions, scarring is minimal. Small dressings may be placed over these incisions, which need to be changed at intervals recommended by the doctor.
• In some cases, temporary complaints such as increased sensitivity or numbness may occur. To alleviate such conditions, applying ice to the injection site and using anti-inflammatory medication under the doctor's supervision may be recommended.
• Immediately after surgery, patients can usually return to their daily activities without the need to spend the night in the hospital.
• Swelling that occurs after surgery typically reduces within two weeks. During the post-operative period, there may be a mild aching sensation that lasts only a week or two. These complaints can be alleviated with ice application and anti-inflammatory medication.
• After the stitches are removed, methods such as lymphatic drainage or physical therapy may be implemented upon the doctor's recommendation to enhance mobility.
• The doctor may prescribe medications to relieve pain and control inflammation after surgery. Regular use of these medications is important for recovery.
• Eating a healthy diet and drinking adequate amounts of water can strengthen the body’s immune system and support the healing process.
• If any signs of infection, excessive swelling, severe pain, or bleeding occur during the post-operative period, it may be necessary to consult the doctor immediately.
• Symptoms experienced after surgery usually begin to resolve completely within a short period, and the risk of recurrence is low following a successful operation. A careful recovery process after trigger finger syndrome surgery is crucial for healing and preventing recurrence. Planning a good home care regimen under the doctor's supervision can facilitate the return to daily activities after surgery.

Frequently Asked Questions About Trigger Finger Syndrome

Trigger finger syndrome is a medical condition that can hinder the proper bending and straightening of fingers, potentially causing pain and should be taken seriously. This syndrome is a treatable condition, and there are treatment options available to alleviate symptoms under medical supervision.

How is Trigger Finger Syndrome Diagnosed?
Trigger finger syndrome can be diagnosed through a physical examination and evaluation of symptoms conducted by a doctor. Imaging tests may help confirm the diagnosis.

Will There Be Scarring After Trigger Finger Syndrome Surgery?
Typically, no scarring occurs after minimally invasive surgery. There may only be dressings at the small incision sites made during the procedure.

Does Trigger Finger Syndrome Progress?
Trigger finger is generally not a problem that poses significant danger. However, if left untreated, it can negatively impact daily life and restrict the healthy movement of the fingers.

It is important for individuals exhibiting symptoms of trigger finger syndrome to schedule an appointment with the orthopedic department of a hospital to receive treatment and alleviate symptoms.